Hematology
Hematology is the study of blood, blood diseases and blood-forming organs.
Hematology includes the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies like hemophilia, lymphoma, leukemia, and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine which deals with the pathology, etiology, physiology, diagnosis, treatment of blood-related disorders.
Hematologists focus on bone marrow and lymphatic organs and diagnose blood count irregularities or platelet irregularities. Hematologists treat organs which are related to blood cells and includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and lymphoid tissue.
Hematologic disorders primarily affect the blood & blood-forming organs. These disorders include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease & sometimes complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.
These disorders are categorized below:
Myeloid- Sickle cell disease
- Thalassemia
- Methemoglobinemia
- Anemias (In this there is lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Pernicious anemia
- Folate deficiency
- Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Cold agglutinin disease
- Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
- Rh disease (Rh D)
- ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- Penicillin (high dose)
- Methyldopa
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Direct physical damage to RBCs
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
- Aplastic anemia
- Fanconi anemia
- Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia)
- Acquired pure red cell aplasia
- Decreased numbers of cells
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
- Agranulocytosis
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
- Hemoglobinopathies (this is a congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin or the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
- Polycythemia vera
- Erythrocytosis
- Leukocytosis
- Thrombocytosis
- Myeloproliferative disorder
- Transient myeloproliferative disease
- Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
- Thrombocytosis
- Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
- Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
- Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Idiopathic
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)
- Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
- Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
- Myelomas
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Disorders of platelets
- Thrombocytopenia
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
- Hematological malignancies
- Lymphomas
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disorders of clotting proteins
- Hemophilia
- Hemophilia A
- Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
- Hemophilia C
- Von Willebrand disease
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Protein S deficiency
- Hodgkin's disease
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Plasmacytoma
- Leukemias increased WBC
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia
- Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF)
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
- T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
- B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
- Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
- Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
- T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
Miscellaneous
- Hemochromatosis
- Asplenia
- Hypersplenism
- Gaucher's disease
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- Tempi syndrome
- Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Infectious mononucleosis
- AIDS
- Malaria
- Leishmaniasis
Bone marrow transplant
A bone marrow transplant may be a procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells into your body to exchange your damaged or diseased bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant is additionally called a somatic cell transplant.
You might need a bone marrow transplant if your bone marrow stops working and doesn't produce enough healthy blood cells.
Bone marrow transplants uses cells from their own body which is also called autologous transplant or if in case from a donor is called allogeneic transplant.
A bone marrow transplant could also be used to:
- To treat safely in the condition with high doses of chemotherapy and the radiation therapy by replacing/rescuing the bone marrow damaged by treatment
- To replace the damaged bone marrow with new stem cell
- Provide new stem cells, which may help kill cancer cells directly.Bone marrow transplants can benefit people with a spread of both cancerous (malignant) and non-cancerous (benign) diseases, including:
- leukemia
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Aplastic anaemia
- Bone marrow failure syndromes
- leukemia
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Immune deficiencies
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Myeloma
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Neuroblastoma
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Plasmacyte disorders
- POEMS syndrome
- Primary amyloidosis
A bone marrow transplant poses numerous risks. In this people can experience minimum type of the problems with a bone marrow transplant, while in others can have serious complications that need treatment or hospitalization. Sometimes, complications are life-threatening.
Your particular risks depend upon many factors, including the disease or condition that caused you to wish a transplant, the sort of transplant, and your age and overall health. Possible complications from a bone marrow transplant include:
- Graft-versus-host disease (allogeneic transplant only)
- somatic cell (graft) failure
- Organ damage
- Infections
- Cataracts
- Infertility
- New cancers
- Death
- Find A Doctor & Hospital, Most Suitable To You
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Sri Venkteshwara Medicare is an innovative healthcare services company based out of India that envisions to address challenges in global healthcare ecosystem by partnering with healthcare providers in areas of need..
